Wednesday, August 26, 2020

OOS-Deviation assignment detecting the presence of diethylene glycol Essay

OOS-Deviation task recognizing the nearness of diethylene glycol in toothpaste by slender layer chromotography - Essay Example Furthermore, for identification purposes, you will require 6.7 mg/mL of building up the dissolvable of Potassium Permanganate Staining Solution. Axis container of 50mL polypropylene to test a planning of toothpaste with a load of around 1.0g. To scatter the toothpaste, include 5mL of water and vortex for around 1 moment. Next is the expansion of 5mL of acetonitrile to the blend followed by vortex around 1 moment. Preceding gathering around 1mL of the supernatant, rotator the blend until you get a completely clear arrangement. Utilize the 1.5mL small scale test tubes by moving 500L of the supernatant to it at that point include 1.0mL of methanol. Weaken 0.2mL of DEG to 0.5mL utilizing methanol so as to accomplish the standard reference readiness (Ahuja and Scypinski, 2011). Spread the 5L weakened test arrangement and the reference standard arrangement on a sheet and leave it to dry. To get estimable outcomes, utilize chromatographic technique spot. The subsequent stage is to placed the sheet in a creating tank that has been set up by adjusting 100mL of building up a dissolvable for about 30minutes. Expel the dissolvable and grant it to dry noticeable all around quickly the creating arrangement arrives at the halting line. At the point when you lower the dried sheet in potassium permanganate arrangement and afterward expel the sheet after around 5 seconds, yellows spots will begin to show up on the foundation as the sheet dries. The last spot to show up is DEG. The perusing of DEG shifts from 0.40%, 0.41% and 0.44% for OOS results and somewhere in the range of 0.005% and 0.015% for OOS deviation. Concurring Ahuja and Scypinski (2011), after the assessment of the OOS results, the techniques on the disclosure and events of the OOS are

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A soldiers Tale Essay Example For Students

A warriors Tale Essay You are on a little vessel, squeezed with scruffy men furnished in full battle gear. Apprehensive and thoughtful they move about, while you stand and marvel, What the hellfire will transpire? Out of nowhere, a more seasoned man hollers, Get prepared! Were going in! The vessel eases back down, and a ringing chime goes off. The front incline gradually opens forwardand then poop hits the fan. A hail of slugs tears and roars, destroying your friends into bits of fragile living creature and organs, heaving forward the fluid of life. However you endure, jumping into the chilly, dinky waters underneath. The slugs are not content with the outside, and jump beneath, pursuing you like a canine to new meat. You see other men, wearing a similar battle weariness that you do. You battle to bring your head over the water. Thunder and lightning split the air, striking down your companions, while inauspicious men, cold as ice, work on their 150mm weapons. It is a torrent on your faculties, the smell of ozone, the snap of gunfire, seeing passing, the flavor of salt water, and the frigidity of the ocean. You battle out of the water and hide behind an animal of steel, a gadget to square tanks, in all likelihood. You hole up behind there, while you hear men kick the bucket, their shouts consuming into your brain. You see men battle, some kick the bucket, some live, yet you despite everything covered up. Evening time comes, and with it, quietness. You conclude at that point, to leave your spread, and adventure out, into the executing fields. It is calm, and you see other men with rifles in their grasp, congregating together. You go along with them, and devise an arrangement to wreck the dreary men. You and other men take dark containers of death, Bengolers, and supplement them into the unpleasant territory. They detonate with a blaze and blast, and you accuse of the men, prepared to assault. This may seem like a film about World War II, perhaps Saving Private Ryan. In any case, this is no film. This is reality. That was the tale of my granduncle, Bill Zimmerman. He was a corporal, pioneer of his detachment, in the general infantry. He was just 19 years old. He endure D-Day, and proceeded to take on the Conflict of the Bulge, and he made due there as well. This is the account of the day known as D-Day, the day the tides changed for the Allies. Twenty years after the finish of the First World War a man named Adolph Hitler of Germany started a Second World War. On September 1, 1939 Germany attacked Poland, which had an arrangement with France and England to ensure them. The English, French and Polish were all ill-equipped to battle, and subsequently were beaten frightfully. By the following spring France had been completely taken by the Germans. While Germany and their partners, Italy, controlled the entirety of the western piece of Europe, England, France and now America needed to calculate an approach to assume the responsibility for Europe once more. Their choice was to attempt to storm a sea shore in Normandy, France. It would be one of the bloodiest war fights in U.S. History. In 1942 General Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander, had cautioned Germany to, Beware the fierceness of a stimulated majority rules system. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies mounted the biggest land and/or water capable attack in history and made genuine Eisenhowers cautioning. The intrusion power comprised of in excess of 5,000 boats, 1,200 warships and 13,000 planes. Approximately 90,000 U.S., British, Canadian, and free French soldiers arrived on the sea shores of Normandy while around 20,000 more stopped by parachute or lightweight flyer. The Invasion had been in anticipation of a year. More than 55,000 bold American officers raged the sea shores of Normandy, a horrifying 2,700 Americans had made their last strides of life safeguarding their nation, their reality, and all that they represented.

Thursday, August 20, 2020

A Brief History of Point-Shaving in College Basketball

A Brief History of Point-Shaving in College Basketball A Brief History of Point-Shaving in College Basketball A Brief History of Point-Shaving in College BasketballThere are good ways to make an extra buck and there are not-so-good ways and theres point-shaving, which is a really bad way.With March Madness just around the corner, NCAA men’s basketball is about to be the most popular sport in the country. But with greater attention comes greater scrutiny, and it’s hard to ignore the fact that college basketball is undergoing its fair share of scandals.Many of those recent scandals revolve around payments made to players. Oftentimes the payments are funneled to them from representatives of major shoe companies in the hopes that the  player will play for an affiliated college program.Trying to earn a little cash on the side is nothing newâ€"and oftentimes its commendable! (What role the NCAA’s amateurism standards plays in all this is something we’ll leave for another day.) But one common thread among these scandals is that they all involve programs and affiliated companies trying to l ure the best players they can.Not all college basketball scandals work this way. And one type of scandal, point-shaving, involves the exact opposite: Players getting bribed to make their teams play worse, not better. Here’s a brief history of some of those scandals throughout NCAA history, when players in need of some extra cash ended up finding it in exactly the wrong place. What is point-shaving?In order to understand point-shaving, you first need to understand point spreads.When sportsbooks open up betting on a game, their odds favor one team winning over the other. But they don’t just say “Team X will win over Team Y”; they also set a point spread, which determines how many points the winning team will win by. The more a team is favored over another team, the higher the point spread, and vice versa.When a person places a bet on a team, what they’re really placing a bet on is that team beating the point spread. If you bet on the winning team and they win don’t beat th e spread, you still lose. If you bet the losing team and they lose but they do beat the spread, you win.Point spreads are why point-shaving exists. Oftentimes, conspirators bribe players to “shave points,” so their team, while still winning the game, doesn’t beat the spread. That way, the gamblers can bet on the losing team and win the betâ€"all without having to convince the players to actually lose the game.Now that we’ve got that out of the way, let’s dive in.1950-51: City College of New York (CCNY)During the 1949-1950 NCAA season, the City College of New York (CCNY) men’s basketball team was crowned champions of both the NCAA tournament and the NIT tournamentâ€"something that had never done before. It also led to a rule change, which is why its never happened since, either.Unfortunately, it came out the following season out that several of the players on CCNY that season had been taking payments from local gamblers and mafia members in order to shave points. They had also done so during the 1948-40 season.And they weren’t the only ones. Students from six other schools were implicated in the scheme as well. Three of the other schools were also in New Yorkâ€"they were Long Island University, Manhattan College, and New York University (NYU)â€"but the scheme also wrapped up players from the University of Toledo, the University of Kentucky, and Bradley University in Peoria.It all began after Junius Kellogg, a player at Manhattan college reported being offered a bribe, and police set up a sting operation to catch these gamblers in the act. And they did. Five men, two ex-CCNY stars and three bookmakers, were arrested on charges of bribery and conspiracy.New York District Attorney Frank Hogan took over from there, launching a widespread investigation into the point-shaving scheme, which eventually resulted in the arrests of seven players, including three stars from the current CCNY team. When all was said and done, 32 players would admit to taking br ibes.The consequences were far-reaching. Out of the seven programs, only the University of Kentucky recovered, even after NCAA banned them from the entire 1952-53 season. CCNY, for instance, is now a Division III team. Several players involved were also banned from ever playing in the NBA, sending their promising careers up in smoke.1961: Jack Molinas and Connie Hawkins.In 1954, Fort Wayne Pistons player Jack Molinas was suspended by the NBA. The reason? He had been caught betting on games in which his team played. Years later, Molinas, who had ties to the 1951 scandal, would be arrested as one of the central figures in a new and  even bigger point-shaving scheme.Molinas’ partner in the scheme was bookmaker Joe Hacken. Their connection went back to Molinas’ days playing for Columbia University, and both men had mafia ties. Hacken had escaped conviction in 1951 scandal, but his stepbrother, Cornelius Kelleher, had been one of the first five men arrested for trying to bribe Junius Kellogg.Molinas and Hacken’s point-shaving operation led to the arrests of 37 players across 22 programs, including players from Columbia University, University of Connecticut, St. Johns University, NYU, and North Carolina State.Basketball star Connie Hawkins, then a freshman at Iowa, got caught up in the scandal, and his career suffered greatly from his association with Molinas. Hawkins and fellow prep star Roger Brown (who played college ball at Dayton), both knew Molinas back home in New York City and had, indeed, excepted favors from himâ€"including cash.However, neither player was ever accused of participating in the point-shaving scheme. But their merely being associated with Molinas was enough to end their college careers and get them banned from playing in the NBA.Both men instead played in the fledgling American Basketball Association (ABA) and Hawkins eventually got his NBA ban overturned, after which he played for the Los Angeles Lakers and the Atlanta Hawks, making fo ur NBA All-Star games. Still, his career was never quite what it should have been, all because of a point-shaving scheme he wasn’t even involved in!The case against Molinas and Hacken’s scheme was brought by New York District Attorney, Frank Hogan, the same man who prosecuted the 1951 case.1978-79: Boston College and Henry HillThanks to the film Goodfellas, which is based on his memoir, Henry Hill is one of the most famous mobsters in American history. And in the late 70s, Hill conspired with four other menâ€"brothers Rocco and Tony Perla, Paul Mazzei, and James Burkeâ€"to fix Boston College basketball games.Rocco Perla conceived of the scheme, which was based on his high school friendship with BC player Rick Kuhn. Kuhn agreed to participate and recruited his teammate Jim Sweeney to join him. BC’s leading scorer, Rich Cobb was also implicated in the scheme, but his involvement was never proven.Over that season, the four mobsters attempted to fix nine different BC games during the 1978-79 season, always with the team winning by less than the stated point spreadâ€"instead of just losing the game outright.Hill was arrested in 1980 on drug trafficking and other charges and turned state’s witness. Even though he was being questioned on matters entirely unrelated to college-point shaving, his involvement in the scheme came to light.The Perlas, Mazzei, Burke, and Kuhn were all charged, tried, and convicted of racketeering. James Sweeney was not charged and provided witness testimony for the prosecution. Hill also testified and was never charged.1985: Tulane University and John “Hot Rod” WilliamsOn June 18th, 1985, former Tulane University center John “Hot Rod” Williams was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the third-to-last pick in the NBA draft. He would go on to play for the Cavaliers for nine years and play 13 years in the league overall, setting a Cavs record for blocked shots in the process.However, Williams did not actually play for Clevel and during the 1985-86 season. Instead, he played for the Rhode Island Gulls of the upstart United States Basketball League (USBL) before joining the Cavs for the 1986-87 season.Why was that? Well, on March 27th, 1985, Williams was arrested for allegedly taking part in a point-shaving scheme at Tulane. He was one of three players, and eight individuals total, who were arrested in connection with the plot. Williams was later acquitted on all counts, which paved the way for him to play in the NBA.However, that point-shaving scandal was only the beginning of Tulane basketball’s woes. The investigation also revealed rampant drug use within the program and cash payments from coach Ned Fowler to the players, in violation of NCAA recruiting rules. Once these findings were announced, Fowler quickly resigned.The overarching scandal was so bad that Tulane president Eamon Kelly terminated the universitys basketball program entirelyâ€"although the program was later reinstated for the 1990-91 season.There’s an old saying that “it’s not the crime, it’s the cover-up.” In this case, it wasn’t so much the crime as it was all the other crimes (and NCAA violations) that were happening in the immediate vicinity.1993-94: Arizona State and Northwestern.We promised a “brief” history of NCAA point-shaving scandals, which means that we need to start hurrying up. However, two scandals from the 1990s stand out.During the 1993-94 college basketball season, star Arizona State University guard Stevin Smith, who had accrued over $10,00 in gambling debts to fellow student Benny Silman, helped shave points and fix four ASU home games.Other people got involved, including fellow player Isaac Burton, Jr., and the bets they placed started getting bigger and biggerâ€"so big, in fact, that sportsbooks and other bettors took notice. Silman was eventually sentenced to 48 months in prison, while Silman, Burton, and three others received shorter sentences.During the 1994-95 season, tw o players on the Northwestern Wildcatsâ€"Kenneth Dion Lee and Dewey Williamsâ€"shaved points from three of the team’s games. When the scheme was uncovered a few years later, two other men were also charged in connection with the scandal. All four of the men served short stints in prison.With legalized sports gambling now on the table, the odds of a future point-shaving scandal are on the rise. And while we’re all for people running a profitable side hustle, breaking the law is not the way to do it!If you enjoyed this article, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:From Rags to Riches: A Financial History of the NFL10 Money Lessons From the Worst Contracts in NBA HistoryHow Student-Athlete Insurance Protects Financial FuturesThe 12 Worst Financial Scandals In HistoryDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Meeting Of The Estates General - 1006 Words

Meeting of the Estates General I was at the Palace of Versailles located in France for a meeting. I am a 30 year old housewife in the 3rd estate. There are three classes; the Kings and Queens (1stestate), Noblemen (2nd estate), and the poor class (3rd estate). France is in a financial crisis mainly due to the King and Queen wanting to be richer. The meeting was held because we were going to find out which of the estates was going to get an increase in tax. The King decided that the 3rd estate was going to have the increase in taxes. We are the poorest. How will we ever pay the tax? I want a democracy so we can have a say on what’s going to affect our lives. Tennis Court Oath I was done with our King. He did not care about†¦show more content†¦I ran out of the house and went to the Bastille. When I got there people were surrounding the prison demanding gunpowder. The people wanted gunpowder to protect themselves from the Royal troops. No one wanted a government run by the Royal Troops. It would be worse than the Monarchy. All the guards refused to give us gunpowder. I knew this was the beginning of a democracy because people were starting to fight for what they believed in. The March on Versailles I finally had enough money to buy a loaf of bread. My family was never able to afford food so we were always hungry. We begged for food but no one else had money or food. Bread is usually 50 cents a loaf. Today the price was five dollars a loaf. The King and Queen raised prices to get more money. I could not afford this. That day hundreds of women and I marched 13 miles in pouring rain to the palace yelling â€Å"Bread.† We demanded that the price of bread go down. The group of women promised to stay at the palace all night until they saw the Queen. Finally we were able to break into the palace. We searched every room for the Queen. Then she came out of her room listening to our complaints and stories. Finally she told her husband to lower the price of bread for the people. This was a step towards democracy because the people were heard and the King and Queen reacted. Reign of Terror I stood there watching people

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Familial Support For Children During The Stressful Period...

Familial support for children. In many cases, parents or other family members are not able to be as supportive to their children during the stressful period surrounding divorce. One study by Amato (1993) noted that divorce is one of the life’s most stressful occurrences, and adults experience significant difficulty in their life adjustment after the divorce, which may impact their interactions with their children. Parents are less emotionally available during this time (Riggio Valenzuela, 2011), and the help and support from family members that are also experiencing distress from these life-changing events are less likely to occur (Kitson et al., 1982). Also, parents’ stress surrounding the divorce is known to impair the quality of their childrearing skills during this time (Amato, 1993). While those surrounding the children are coping with the new life changing events themselves, the children may be left to learn how to handle the divorce with limited support from parents, extended family, and frie nds. The impact on children. Divorce affects many members of the family including children. Statistics show that annually more than one million children will go through the process of divorce within their family per year (Bing, Nelson Wesolowski, 2009). Another study reported that 40% of all children will experience parental divorce during their lifetimes (Arkes, 2013). A significant amount of research has focused on the impact of divorce on children. This study illustratesShow MoreRelatedA Sense Of Autonomy And Self Control Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesFamilial relationships play a vital role in the lives of individuals. Humans form and foster relationships early on in development. Within the first years of life, infants rely on their primary caretakers in order to meet their physical, emotional, social, and psychological needs. As children grow older, they learn to meet their own needs by means of self-regulation. This means to self-regulate is fostered through the attachm ent cycle, a foundation for relationships that creates and providesRead MoreThe Social Work Team At Asymca1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has lead to anxiety or depression, and special needs family members, to name a few. The social work team at ASYMCA has helped me to gain insight that many of our clients will be dealing with a stressful lifestyle in addition to deficient or traumatic pasts. Extensive research on appropriate support for military families is lacking and though the effectiveness of current programs is mostly unknown, evidence recognized displays that a strengths based approach rather than a focus on prevention ofRead MoreThe Effects of Divorce on Children Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Children As a child, there are many things that affect a view, memory, opinion, or attitude. Children have many of their own daily struggles to cope with, as peer pressures are an example. As an adult, we sometimes forget what it is like to be a child dealing with some of the childhood pressures. Many parents do not realize how something like divorce could possibly affect their children as much as it does themselves. As the case may be, children are strongly affectedRead MoreMarriage Is An Important Social Institution For Families2015 Words   |  9 Pagescouple to conceive children without marital ties, but individuals are also no longer looked down upon for raising these children on their own. What’s more, although people get married in order to achieve the sense of togetherness that marriage often symbolizes, this goal is unattainable. Today there is not as much time spent together within families as there once was and cohabitation is commonplace. â€Å"Living apart together† relationships are also prevalent. The Colonial period was a time in historyRead MoreImpact of Divorce on Adolescents Essay2398 Words   |  10 Pages(CDC), in 2011 there were 2,118,000 marriages in the United States and almost half as many divorces (2013). The CDC also reports that only half of all first marriages will reach their twentieth anniversary. Divorce is a topic everyone is familiar with and it has almost become a normal part of life. While it is assumed that more divorces occur now than in the previous generation, the CDC actually reports that divorce rates have dropped over the past twenty to thirty years, though this could be due to theRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Psychological, Familial And Sociocultural Factors1806 Words   |  8 PagesAnorexia nervosa results from a complex interplay between biological, psychological, familial and sociocultural factors. Alice’s development of anorexia nervosa can be viewed through a psychoanalytic lens. Many of Alice s needs were not met or interpreted correctl y in early childhood by her parents, particularly her mother causing Alice to develop ego deficiencies in identity and need for control. This thought is supported by Hilde Bruch (1974) who regarded â€Å"anorectics as being in a struggle forRead More Working Women and Family Lifestyles Essay4536 Words   |  19 Pagesdimension to herself-marriage. Unlike her predecessor, she will work for a much longer period because she can decide when to begin her family. If she decides to have a family, her leave of absence is apt to be less than five years, because she is a member of the new breed of women who attempt to combine the roles of career woman, mother, and wife into a workable package. Wives have been working for a much longer period than most people think. Before the Industrial Revolution, even wealthy women workedRead MoreMental Health And Health Care3541 Words   |  15 Pageswidowhood and divorce, and difficulties providing dowries for their daughters (Kermode, Herrman, Arole, White, Premkumar Patel 2007). Postpartum depression is a condition that affects women after they have given birth to a child. Research in several countries has shown that depression is more common in women than in men and the likelihood of its occurrence peaks during the childbearing years. Women are led to believe that the birth of a baby will bring them joy and happiness and that the period afterRead MoreThe Nature vs. Nurture Debate in Learning More about Alcoholism2588 Words   |  11 Pagesare maintained by social customs. Children are introduced to alcohol at an early age, but are not associated with masculinity or social power. The abuse of alcohol is looked upon with strong disapproval. Conversely the American experience is just the opposite. In colonial America habitual drunkenness was not considered to be an uncontrollable disease. In those days drinking was a social activity that took place in a close-knit family environment. But during the early 1800s drinking moved intoRead MoreEffect of Brok en Home19368 Words   |  78 Pagesexperience by some of the students not only with those in poverty line families but same goes to middle and higher class families. Parents chose to live separately regardless how their children feel and its impact to their lives, however, there are still parents in spite of the situation still supports and care of their children in their studies, and others. It is worthy to note that majority of high school students in the country who got poor or failing grades in their academic subjects came from broken

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Computer Shop Network Free Essays

Problems why propose such project. ? Some of the gamers are noisy. ? Most of the computer are encountering lag within their units. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Shop Network or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? Unorganized setting of a computer, by witch gamers, chatting, and surfing to the net is in one room. III. Objective in proposing the project. To give privacy to the client, and give convenience to every person who will use internet, and other office application. ? To prevent lag within the units, to have a convenient transactions because there will be a separate server and admin within the establishment. ? To have an organized environment within the computer shop, having the separate computer for gaming and surfing to net. IV. Methodology in creating a project. V. Hardware requirements. VI. [pic] VII. Visit Store VIII. Acs48 Cyclades 48 Port Console Server IX. Acs48 Cyclades 48 Port Console ServerX. $399. 99 XI. + $10. 11 shipping XII. eBay [pic]Logitech Squeezebox Boom All-in-One Network Music Player / Wi-Fi Internet Radio (930000054) Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form See Details Lava Computer Ether-Serial (ESL4-232-DB9).. . Lava Computer Ether-Serial (ESL4-232-DB9) (ES4-232DB9) Serial Device Server from $188. 57 12 stores [pic] See Details Silex Technology SX-2000WG (SX-2000WG+) USB†¦ Silex Technology SX-2000WG (SX-2000WG+) USB Device Server from $115. 67 7 stores (1)Save to list [pic] See Details Avocent (AMIQDM-PS2) Monitor / Keyboard / Mouse. .. Avocent (AMIQDM-PS2) Monitor / Keyboard / Mouse Extender from $180. 99 6 stores |[pic] |[pic] | |KVM Cable 3 in 1 |USB Computer Cables | |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |USB to Internal Cable |USB A to B Cable |A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, string of metal. Wires are used to bear mechanical loads and to carry electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Standard sizes are determined by various wire gauges. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in ‘multistranded wire’, which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.This information serves as guidelines in analyzing and formulating idea to construct a system that will meet the requirement for the user to be satisfied. Designing/ analyzing System designs help in specifying hardware and system requirements that can easily defined by making an overall system architecture that serves as and input. The system will be design to fit the ability of the user; a simple with interactive buttons that will suitably fit the needs of the user. Implementation and Unit Testing In making a design and document we should divide this as modules or unit to proceed in actual setting.Each unit will be develop and test for its functionality Integration and System testing Units are integrate into a complete system during integration phase and will be test to check if all modules or units coordinate between each other and the settings as a whole behaves as per the specification. Operation and Maintenance This phase is vertically never ending phase, this development will come up after its practical used will start, problem may occur, issues related on the system may solve after the deployment of the system. Hub Hub For gaming For internet Tile Floor Internet[pic] Internet[pic] Routers Entrance Printers Computers This include to those person who will have a future computer shop setting. Those person that may engage to the computer industry. We’d like to implement this project to those who will be engaging to the computer business industry. Having the new setting of the computer shop, this will help to the people to be more organize. How to cite Computer Shop Network, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Puberty in Alice and Wonderland free essay sample

One of the most prominent themes in children’s literature is maturation and grasping with adulthood. In keeping with this tradition, Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland presents a girl who transforms immensely from the bored little girl who can’t imagine reading a book without pictures to the mature adult described at the end of the novel. Throughout much of the novel, the reader witnesses Alice struggling with frequent, rapid changes in her body. While the repeated size changes in the book serve to illustrate the difficulties of children in grasping the changes of puberty, the changes in Alice’s personality and state of mind that come with each fluctuation in size hint at the greater rewards of knowledge and certainty that accompany Alice’s maturation. Alice’s first adventure in Wonderland presents the emotional frustration that comes with being so uncertain about one’s identity. After noticing a fifteen-inch door and the flourishing garden that lays behind it, Alice expresses a desire to shrink in order to fit through it, a wish that is then fulfilled by her consumption of a drink laying on a nearby table (Carroll 22-3). From the onset of her time in Wonderland, Alice is concerned by her inability to fit in with her physical surrounding. We see this in her initial reaction to shrinking; she’s immediately elated expressing her pleasure at being â€Å"now the right size† (24). Yet this joy quickly dissolves into apprehension.. Alice’s sudden diminution is accompanied by a strikingly different perspective of her surroundings that creates a more hostile environment. Small and out of place, Alice’s persistent effort to climb up the slippery legs of the glass table brings her to tears. This sudden inability to conquer her surroundings startles Alice and concerns the narrator, who begins to repeat variations on the phrase â€Å"poor Alice† (24), causing readers to identify her shrunken state with frustration and dejection. Essentially, Alice’s response to being small in a large world seems to mirror the frustration of those who desire to grow up. Alice’s confusion merely continues after eating the cake she finds under the table (25). From the beginning, she is unsure in which way her body will respond: will she grow larger or smaller? Alice even delays to see how her body will respond to this relatively ordinary event, placing her hand on her head and awaiting the results â€Å"anxiously† (25). The resultant size change further alarms Alice as she explores her body after growing. With her increase in stature (26), Alice is so disconcerted on how far emoved her head is from her feet that she meditates rather nonsensically on the idea in an effort to grasp the new perspective she has developed. Now too small for surroundings that were formerly too small for her (and even before that, just the right height), â€Å"[p]oor Alice† (27) is still in no position to achieve entering the garden. Remarkably, her initial reaction is quite similar: she begins crying hopelessly—but she quickly admonishes herself, claiming that â€Å"a great girl like [her]† (the word â€Å"great† here referring to her new size) has no business crying like the small child that appeared merely two pages before. Despite her remarkable change in size, then, Alice’s personality and views remain unaffected, a fact that leaves her even more frustrated as she continues crying. In other words, Alice knows she is acting inappropriately for her new size, but she still remains unable to seize control of her increasingly volatile emotions. Similar to biological hormone surges, Alice’s rapid changes in growth are accompanied by fierce emotions and mood swings that she is unable to control. Alice’s meditation upon the recent events also provides great insight into how changes in size have affected her mentally. On page 28, the girl confusedly discusses the identity crisis that has befallen her, identifying the puzzling question that these changes have led her to: â€Å"Who in the world am I? † As she begins to meditate on whether she may have been changed for another child, we see the depth to which she has been affected. So flustered by these constant changes, Alice’s memory and knowledge have suffered, as she is unable to recall basic facts. This, accompanied by the realization that her voice has become hoarse and strange, once again moves â€Å"poor Alice† to tears. Finding both her body and mind to be completely altered, Alice hints towards not liking who she has become, resolving to stay in Wonderland and only come out if she is somebody else. Just as soon as this stream of thoughts leaves her, though, Alice realizes that she has shrunk once again, and rather than being comforted, Alice is â€Å"frightened at the sudden change† (29), saying that she is now â€Å"worse than ever† and that she â€Å"never was so small as this before. † She finds herself confronted by a pool of tears that had once seemed so inconsequential, frustrated once again by her uncontrollable emotions: â€Å"I wish I hadn’t cried so much! (30). Once again, she realizes somewhat bitterly that â€Å"everything is queer to-day. † Alice’s size continues to come into play through her interactions with the mouse. Not used to seeing things from small eyes, Alice’s etiquette is brought into question as she offends the mouse with h er talk of cats (31). Despite being the same size as the normally-small animals she now interacts with, Alice is viewed as foolish for not utilizing the same logic as her counterparts. In essence, while she is physically small, her mind has not adapted to this new size and she does not fit in among small creatures. The animals’ simplicity seems incredibly childlike throughout the third chapter, particularly with the childlike arguments and faux pretentiousness that many of the creatures utilize (34). The Caucus-race seems to resemble childlike games that make little sense to observers, and Alice notes this absurdity (36), again showing her inability to fit in with this other world. As her travels continue, however, Alice begins to come to terms with the frequent size changes and shows increased logic in dealing with the unpleasant situations. Upon her foray into the White Rabbit’s house, Alice expresses both a desire to grow and frustration with being â€Å"a tiny little thing† (41). While Alice realizes that she will grow upon drinking the bottle, she still does not recognize that her inability to control her growth. She is surprised by the rapidity of the action, and despite her explicit wishes, she continues growing until she is too large for her physical surroundings, her body extending outside of the house. Alice has not yet learned that her changes in size will cause her discomfort and unhappiness, and once again she finds herself hopeless (42). Commenting on her physical size, Alice notes that she is â€Å"grown up now† and pleased that there’s no room to â€Å"grow up any more†. However a sentence later, she contradicts this thought, worrying that she will â€Å"never get any older,† yet comforted by never having to be â€Å"an old woman† (42). This contradiction shows the confusion with which Alice views herself: she is not a childnor does she desire to be one—and yet she does not entirely see herself as a woman. In other words, Alice is stuck between stages of her life: while her size suggests maturation, she does not identify herself as a mature adult. This is further evidenced by Alice’s subsequent fear of the White Rabbit (43). Still in the mind-frame of a child, she trembles, neglecting to come to terms with being â€Å"about a thousand times as large as the Rabbit. † Yet with her increased size, Alice has become more assertive and more prepared to handle her situation. Wielding her sudden growth as a weapon rather than seeing it as a ulnerability, she scares the Rabbit with her motions in order to fend him off and kicks Bill the lizard as he goes to retrieve her (44). Contrary to her interaction with the mouse, Alice is now adequately prepared to handle smaller creatures: she displays an increased knowledge and a stronger capacity for coping with her situation. More aggressive now, she embraces the physical change, resorting to vocal threats that are backed by the differen ces in size between her and the creatures. Even more remarkable, Alice becomes aware that she can use these size changes to her advantage, responding to the violent attacks of the creatures by shrinking in size (45). Still, after the ordeal, Alice is desperate to reach â€Å"the right size†, wanting to â€Å"grow up again† (47). Alice’s lack of identity is further underlined in her conversation with the Caterpillar. From the outset of their interaction, Alice explains her identity crisis, explicitly stating, â€Å"I can’t understand it myself†¦and being so many different sizes in a day is very confusing. (49) She is remarkably unable to answer the simple question of identity, telling the caterpillar that while she is fully aware who she was when her adventures began, she has changed several times since then. Alice states that her problem is not with the size that she is (an odd contradiction to her previously-stated desire to return to the right size), realizing that she simply doesn’t like changing so often. The Caterpillar responds in scorn, insinuating that Alice is being ridiculous with his standoffish remarks. He appears to be rather knowledgeable throughout their whole conversation, speaking authoritatively on not only her size changes, but her recitation of ‘You are old, Father William’. After their conversation, Alice launches into a similar identity crisis: eating the mushroom causes her body to undergo strange changes where some parts change and others do not (54-55), but after much experimenting, she eventually manages to return to her â€Å"usual height. † (56) Alice sums up her recent events by stating that the fundamental problem with her physical changes is that she never knows what she’ll be â€Å"from one minute to another. The vast knowledge of the caterpillar provides an odd conundrum when compared with the Mouse from chapter III, whose small size seemed to be associated with the childlike state of mind that he possessed. However the size contrast of Alice and the Caterpillar provides a reasonable explanation: he is larger than her (48: â€Å"a la rge blue caterpillar†), and thus more knowledgeable just as Alice was able to outsmart the Rabbit when she was previously a thousand times its size. This lays the foundations for the idea that relative size appears to indicate knowledge and power in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, an idea that is further affirmed by Alice’s final size change in the book and will signal Alice’s passing through puberty. During the trial, Alice’s growth accompanies the point at which her logic finally begins to triumph over the nonsense that dominates Wonderland. Alice begins growing rather helplessly during the trial, but her physical change is now accompanied with a more bold and assertive personality (106). As she moves to take the stand, Alice suddenly realizes just how large she has grown, but for the first time in the novel, she doesn’t seem concerned or disconcerted by her new stature. Alice is marked by her critical attitude towards the trial, assertively answering the King’s questions and countering the King’s attempted attacks on her with her own logic (112). Alice is also marked by her aggressive attitude towards the Queen; instead of attempting to please her, Alice now cuts her off and demands attention and order rather than nonsense and whim (113, 115). Alice’s greatest realization occurs as she grows to full size and declares that those who formerly inspired fear are only a pack of cards (116). This is the final change of the novel, and its effects are best summarized by Alice’s sister at the end of the novel. As she dreams of Alice’s adventures, she remarks on Alice’s initial status as â€Å"little Alice† with the â€Å"tiny hands† and â€Å"eager eyes† (117). However after her adventures (in the â€Å"after-time†), she views Alice as a knowledgeable and loving â€Å"grown woman† who would reflect fondly on â€Å"her own child-life† (118). She creates a contrast, identifying Alice apart from the â€Å"simple and loving heart† of her childhood. Thus, with her growth in size, Alice has received a wealth of knowledge and finally achieved maturity. On the surface, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland regards Alice’s physical changes with hostility and apprehension. However upon further examining the mental and emotional changes that accompany them, it becomes clear that the physical changes produce the eventual reward of self-awareness and knowledge that allow Alice to finally triumph over her threatening environment.